Fig. 3. The co-creation of knowledge with stakeholders. (a) shows different forms of stakeholder participation, based on Tress et al. (2005). The color hue shows participation with diverse participant groups and a high integration of knowledge forms from various sources (blue) versus participation with narrow participant groups and a low integration (red); (b) shows the three ways for the co-creation of knowledge in exploratory modeling, with their varying forms of stakeholder participation.
