On the theory-practice gap in the environmental realm: perspectives from and for diverse environmental professionals
2021
Authors
Steven J. Cooke, Amanda L. Jeanson, Ian Bishop, Brett A. Bryan, Chundi Chen, Christopher Cvitanovic, Yang Fen, John Forester, Christine Fürst, Jie Hu, Daniele La Rosa, Colin Meurk, Vivian M. Nguyen, Michael Paolisso, Yunfei Qi, Faith K. S. Chun, Katrina Szetey, Xinhao Wang, Yuncai Wang, Carla L. Archibald & Nathan Young
Abstract
The theory-practice gap (TPG) is well known in the environmental realm, referring to disconnects between knowledge generated through scientific research and the needs, expectations, and practices of knowledge users for environmental decision-making and practice. While the presence of the TPG is well established, we have yet to fully implement mechanisms for overcoming its challenges. Thus, our goal is to characterize the TPG and identify practical recommendations for minimizing it. Here, a diverse group of experts in the environmental realm (spanning landscape planning, conservation science, environmental sociology, resource management, political science, and anthropology, among others) present our perspectives on the TPG. More specifically, we share an organized framework for understanding the TPG and suggest recommendations that can help make progress in one or more dimension(s). Conceptual topics discussed are the implications of the gap and its persistence. Organizational/institutional topics include the implications of the overabundance, inaccessibility, and uncertainty of scientific information, and a need for mainstreaming boundary spanning activities. Lastly, cultural topics include differences in culture and epistemologies across knowledge generators and users, shifting cultures through co-production, and changes in educational curricula. Recommendations for minimizing the TPG include conceptually recasting what is considered ‘success,’ institutional reform, enhanced information delivery, leveraging knowledge brokers and boundary organizations, leveraging ‘champions’ in policy, using co-production and/or integrative research, confronting the contemporary ‘fake news’ phenomenon, and rethinking researcher and practitioner training and development. By sharing our framework and recommendations, we provide insight, as well as a starting point for those looking to narrow the TPG and improve knowledge generator-user relationships.
Framework on defining the theory-practice gap, with identified dimensions (conceptual, organizational/institutional, and cultural) and corresponding elements explored in this manuscript.
